The Wide World of Walking Equipment

Last week an organization called Transportation for America released a study entitled “Dangerous By Design” that measured how major cities compared with one another when it came to walking safety. They make the case that due to urban and suburban planning flaws may of our cities have become highly unsafe for pedestrian traffic.

Summary

Bicycling, walking and jogging have become increasingly popular as we’ve become aware of the dangers that surround a sedentary life style. As a consequence more and more people are forgoing their cars for short trips or have begun regular exercise routines. The result has been more crowded streets, roads and walkways. Over the last several decades, this trend has been at odds with the overriding concern of urban planners which has been to move as many cars through a congested area as quickly as possible. Which was in part achieved by the elimination or minimization of the number of sidewalks, crosswalks and traffic signals. At the same time because of our automobile centered culture, basic walking safety information and training, epically among the young, has fallen by the wayside. As reported in a previous walking safety blog post, the result of these trends is that over the last 15 years 76,000 Americans have lost their lives while walking.

Details

In an effort to establish a measure of exactly how walking safe a city was, the Surface Transportation Policy Partnership developed what it calls a Pedestrian Danger Index (PDI). The index was based upon the number of pedestrian fatalities relative to the amount of walking done by the local citizens. They compiled statistics for 2007-2008 time period in the 52 largest metropolitan areas and generated the following table ranked from wost to best

After analyzing the results it became clear that the most dangerous areas were predominately lower population density areas that place heavy emphasis on auto-oriented travel and in urban areas with a preponderance of high speed road ways . They then looked at state and local highway spending patterns and discovered that many of the worst areas were not spending available monies on walking safety infrastructure in proportion to the number trips local citizens make by foot or bicycle. This, in spite of a number of new regulations that were enacted to encouraged spending an safety related road features ie. sidewalks, crosswalks, speed humps and educational programs.

Action Needed

What’s the answer? The money is there, the regulations are there. What’s left? As with all things there is no one solution, no sliver bullet. Some suggestions. Increase public awareness of the problems and the solutions is one approach that should be encouraged. Applying pressure on the state and local planning authorities to insure that pedestrian needs receive due considered when budgets are reviewed and new projects developed. Finallywe need to reestablish walking safety education, especially in our schools.  Here is a sample of a successful effort

We all like to get out and about once in a while, whether it’s just a short trip to the store or part of a daily exercise routine. Traffic awareness is our first line of defense. But even the most alert of us are at a distinct disadvantage when our neighborhoods are not designed with walking safety in mind. Since exercise walkers spend more of their time outside it behooves us to take a leading role in making sure we and others are safe and secure.

Technorati Tags: PDI, Pedestrain safery, urban planning, walking

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As winter approaches and the days get shorter and nights longer added attention needs to be paid to the clothing and equipment we wear. Not only should they be designed to keep us warm but they should also enhance walking safety by making us highly visible to traffic. Every wonder why road side workers wear florescent colored vest outlined with yellow or gray tape? It’s because it’s the best way to stay visible during the day and at night. The florescent material is ideal for daytime visibility while the yellow or gray reflective straps are critical at night. The day time sun’s ultraviolet rays react with florescent colors to make them appear to “glow”. At night, light from a source such as car headlights bounces off the reflective tape portions making them appear to “glow”.

Florescent Colored Material

Again florescent colors owe their increase visibility to the way they absorb and emit different kinds of light. Many different colors can be made fluorescent. The most popular are yellow and orange but red, pink and green can be used as well. In an industrial setting yellow and orange are most commonly found. Lifeboats have orange life jackets since this color shows up best against blue and gray water. Hunters use orange. Interestingly, some recommended that hunters wear pink, a color not found often in nature and as a result shows up well against autumn leaves. Good luck with that one. The color blue is not epically effective for fluorescent clothing. Its wavelength it is not good at emitting light and therefore the human eye is not good at detecting it. Florescent colors “glow” extremely well in bright sunshine and even work well on dull or rainy days and when daylight is fading. But fluorescent colors don’t show up well in the dark. To be seen by drivers at night you need clothing and/or equipment that incorporates materials that have reflective properties.

Reflective Materials

Reflective materials work at night by bouncing back the light toward its’ source. For reflective gear to work properly it needs to be dark and there must be a light source, car headlights for example. The best reflective materials are called ‘retro-reflective’ . They are designed to bounce most of the light back toward its source as opposed to some materials that reflect but do so in a diffuse manner. . Retro-Reflective materials can help drivers to see you three seconds sooner, which could be the difference between life or death. However reflective material are not epically effective during the day, at dusk or in inclement weather, unless of course it is fluorescent in color. Although reflective tape can sometimes glint in the sunlight, it really doesn’t show up properly until after dark.

There are two types of retro reflective materials. You may have seen silver gray bands. They are called glass bead tape. When light shines on them at night they shine a very bright white. The preferred reflective materials are made of special plastic vinyl with lots of tiny prism shapes sealed inside. These prisms bounce the light off one another and then straight back to the source. This material is called microprismatic retro-reflective tape. This tape is a bit expensive but is very long-lasting and can be made in many different colors and shapes and can even be made to generate a holographic effect.

Key Take Aways

The key take away here is that neither florescent nor reflective materials work all the time and in all conditions, therefore to maximize your visibility your equipment and clothing selections should incorporate elements of both. Avoid dark colors and select microprismatic reflective take whenever possible. When selecting your clothing and equipment it’s important to give high priority to walking safety issues. This is epically true this time of year when you’re more likely to be walking during dusk, in inclement weather or at night. Fashion and color coordination should not be an overriding concern…Remember Safety First.

Technorati Tags: florescent colors, reflective material, safety, walking, Walking Clothing, Walking Equipment, Walking Gear

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Walking Safety is really three separate and somewhat diverse subjects. There is personal safety, how to stay out of or handle any security issues you may encounter on your walk. The second, injury prevention, how to avoid exercise related physical difficulties. Finally traffic safety, how to avert a potentially painful encounter with a motor vehicle. Each has it’s own rules and procedures as well as it’s own list of equipment requirements. I’ll cover the other two in the coming months but for today’s post I’ll focus on the traffic issue.

The Problem

What’s at stake here? Simply put, pedestrian/motor vehicle accidents are a significant problem . When a car and a pedestrian collide, there is high probability of serious injury and death. The United States alone has nearly 5,000 pedestrian/car related deaths (700 of them childern) and another 64,000 injuries each and every year.

Some other sobering statistics from the National Highway Traffic Association and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety:

- On average, a pedestrian is injured in a traffic accident every 8  minutes.
- On average, a pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident every 111 minutes.
- In 2005, the per capita pedestrian death rate was 1.6 per 100,000 people.

- 85.7 % of all non-fatal pedestrian accidents and 72 percent of pedestrian deaths occurred in urban settings

-The vast majority of fatal pedestrian/motor vehicle collisions occur on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday in later evening or twilight hours.

Clearly this is an issue that requires a bit of a walker’s time and attention.

The Solution

When these accidents occur, the motorist is often at fault yet the walker too must bear some responsibility for doing his or her utmost in preventing a mishap. That responsibility is – to stay alert at all times and make yourself as visible, as conspicuous as possible. By that I mean paying attention to where we walk, when we walk, how we walk and how we dress.

Tips

The following are some walking tips and equipment guides to help insure that you have a high visibility quotient during your walking routine.

-Walk on sidewalks where ever available.

-Walk on the left side of the road, facing traffic. You’ll be in a better position to anticipate and react to oncoming vehicles. Especially important when you’re physically on a road rather than a sidewalk.

-Be alert at all times and be aware of factors that might impact motorist visibility or ability to stop. For example sun, ice, rain, snow or fog.

-Be exceptionally cautious when approaching blind curves where you may not be visible to oncoming traffic.

-Walk on roads with wide shoulders.

-Anticipate potentially dangerous situations and be ready to take action if necessary. Don’t assume that the car will avoid you.

-Cross a street only at an intersections and always yield the right-of-way to vehicles. Right on red rules can be a real problem for the walker. So stay alert and pay attention to cars in the curb lane.

-Obey all traffic rules and signals.

- If you’re using a radio or Ipod use only one ear bud. Use the open ear to listen to what’s going on around you.

- When crossing a street come to a complete stop and look left, right, and then left again

- Make eye contact with waiting drivers when crossing a busy street

- When walking at night chose a well lit route

From an walking equipment perspective:

- Wear reflective clothing or accessories at dawn, dusk, or nighttime and bright, visible clothing at other times.

- Carry a flashlight when walking in the dark. Swing it side to side when a car approaches. Front to back swinging may cause glare and create confusion with the driver.

Oh, and one final tip, there is one thing you should always assume…that the other guy isn’t paying attention.

Cars and walkers frequently share the same resource. Mutual respect and awareness is the key to a safe coexistence. The walker however is at a distinct disadvantage in any sort of “confrontation” and needs to take extra precautions to avoid them at all costs. Walking safety is visibility and awareness.

Follow the rules and stay safe and secure .

Technorati Tags: flashlight, pedestrian, safety. reflective clothing, traffic safety, walking, walking at night, walking safely, Walking Safety

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